Rake is the lean of the tooth’s cutting face, measured as degrees past vertical.
Fleam is the bevel filed across the face to sharpen the cutting edge of the tooth for crosscutting.
Pitch is how many teeth the saw carries per inch. It's a key factor in cutting speed. Usually, you choose pitch when you choose the saw. Either given as tpi (teeth per inch) or ppi (points per inch). ppi is always tpi + 1: a 10 tpi saw is an 11 ppi saw. Older saws are often stamped in ppi and many makers still use it. This site uses ppi throughout.
Set is the alternating outward bend in the top third of each tooth. It widens the kerf so the plate runs free in wood and doesn't bind.
Kerf is name for the slot the saw leaves behind. A hair wider than the plate, thanks to set.
Gullet is the valley between teeth that carries the sawdust out of the cut.
Slope is the tilt at the bottom of the gullet away from square when filing. We recommend filing without slope.